through the extension of franchise. This is because democracy always implements a highly redistributive fiscal policy, which … makes fighting hard incentive-compatible for the citizens-soldiers. We show that a transition to democracy is more likely to …

An influential body of scholarship has associated both democracy and democratization with civil war. Important findings … include the so-called inverted U-shaped relationship between democracy-levels and civil war onset and that propensity for … new, fine-grained data from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. We discuss how the new data can be used to …

through the extension of franchise. This is because democracy always implements a highly redistributive fiscal policy, which … makes fighting hard incentive-compatible for the citizens-soldiers. We show that a transition to democracy is more likely to … evidence consistent with our theory is also provided. -- Autocracy ; democracy ; wars ; redistribution …

linkages between trade unions, democratization and union democracy and concludes with a reflection on the new concerns about … sustaining industrial and political democracy; however, there is a debate about the conditions under which unions can be … effective, and the role of unions’ internal democracy is particularly controversial. The article discusses the theoretical …