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Drawing on two large German representative data sets, we analyze the role of works councils for the use of performance appraisals (PA). We distinguish between the incidence of performance appraisal systems as intended by the firm and their actual implementation on the level of the individual...
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unannounced, public recognition on employee performance. We hired more than 300 employees to work on a three-hour data-entry task …. In a random sample of work groups, workers unexpectedly received recognition after two hours of work. We find that … recognition increases subsequent performance substantially, and particularly so when recognition is exclusively provided to the …
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This article analyzes the shifts of power relation and influence between pharmaceutical industry (producers), pharmacies, and social health insurers (SHI) in Germany based on drug prices. Since the health care reform of 2004, these interest groups have negotiated fees and discounts among each...
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In 2011, price peaks in retail gasoline prices caused public outrage and attracted the attention of German regulatory agencies. After having examined the market, competition authorities concluded that tacit collusion existed but could not easily be prosecuted under the given competition law. In...
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