Renewable energy is preferred by most countries due to its clean and sustainable characteristic especially under the background of rapid rise in carbon emissions. However, the carbon reduction effect of renewable energy has not been thoroughly investigated in the context of rapid globalization....

The paper examines the evolution of consumption patterns in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1985 to 1999. Estimation of demand function parameters uncovered consistent evidence that differences in consumption patterns have recently diminished between...