In this paper, we study the effects of extra-school activities on children's non-cognitive development, using data from … the Millennium Cohort Study (UK) and focusing on children aged 7-11 years old. We classify the time spent out of school … data. Results show the beneficial effects on children's behaviour of sports, school-related activities, time with parents …

stance. We summarize how children's experiences and benefits from participation in ECEC are related to their families … societies. While well-targeted educational programs are found to lowerachievement gaps among children from different social … in children's (early) achievements …

By the time children start school, socio-economic gaps are evident in child skills. We document a causal effect of a …

child cognitive outcomes, allowing the effect of formal childcare to be different for children from different family … step, we simulate how an increase in formal childcare attendance can affect inequalities across children. Our results show … that childcare attendance has a positive impact on child cognitive outcomes, which are stronger for children from low socio …