Using an administrative payroll dataset for 2.6 million retail workers, we find that the staggered rollout of a major e-commerce firm's fulfillment centers reduces traditional retail workers' income in geographically proximate counties by 2.4%. Wages of hourly workers, especially part-time...

Measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 have impacted retailers greatly. While many retailers temporarily closed their physical stores – due to stay-at-home orders and mandatory non-essential business closures – some online-only retailers witnessed higher sales. An omnichannel retailer is...

Background: E-commerce's convenience, speed, and ability to overcome geographical barriers have made it increasingly popular across industries. This study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on customer experience and satisfaction in supermarket retail e-commerce in the Brazilian...