pronounced for girls and socioeconomically vulnerable children. Impacts on several other child development outcomes also differ …

children who were in the womb during the bombing. We investigate the in utero effect in terms of short-term outcomes, such as … score matching. We compare the birthweight of children born in the same year (1999) and in the months just before and after … the bombing, and children born in the same months of the previous year (1998). We then exploit the data on educational …

parental leave from 12 to 24 months for children born on July 1, 1990 or later. We use test scores from the Austrian PISA test …