in children such as time, material investments, and childcare services. I estimate the model in a novel dataset from … participation but do not raise significantly skills of children …

introduction of a new, sizeable, unconditional child benefit in Spain in 2007, granted to all mothers giving birth on or after July … expenditure or their consumption of directly child-related goods and services. Instead, eligible mothers stayed out of the labor … force significantly longer after giving birth, which in turn led to their children spending less time in formal child care …

introduction of a new, sizeable, unconditional child benefit in Spain in 2007, granted to all mothers giving birth on or after July … expenditure or their consumption of directly child-related goods and services. Instead, eligible mothers stayed out of the labor … force significantly longer after giving birth, which in turn led to their children spending less time in formal child care …

This paper investigates the effects of public childcare availability in Italy on mothers' working status and children … childcare availability has positive and significant effects on both mothers' working status and children's language test scores …. The effects are stronger when the degree of rationing is high and for low educated mothers and children living in lower …

attendance, being on track in school (based on age), and test scores. Our preliminary findings are: 1) the children of households …; and 2) the children of households that have access to electricity significantly perform better than children from …

policies; and, at the micro level, whether the probability of returning to work and career prospects have increased for mothers …

policies; and, at the micro level, whether the probability of returning to work and career prospects have increased for mothers …