This paper aims to provide understanding of the relative trade performances and technological competitiveness, with particular emphasis on product quality, innovation and skills. The firm-level case studies support the conclusions arising from the aggregate analysis. Germany spends more on...

It is important to understand the factors that influence a country's transition from the production of low-quality to high-quality products since the production of high-quality goods is often viewed as a pre-condition for export success and, ultimately, for economic development. In this paper,...