Purpose: The purpose of this paper provides some appropriate incentive factors for customers who collaboration in product development, and analyzes the mechanism and degree of these incentive factors influence on customer's positivity and working efforts. Design/methodology/approach: This paper...

The Property Rights Theory states that clearly defined ownership is the premise of efficiency, while ambiguous property rights result in great externalities. We use the establishment of local SASACs as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate how unifying the supervision rights and...