If one is asked to give an appraisal of airport development in metropolitan areas in Japan, an unsparing critic may not … esteem it highly for three reasons. One, because planning for the secondary airport at Tokyo and Osaka was initiated too late … to match growth in demand. Two, due to untimely planning, the original airport was exasperated with the noise issue by …

If one is asked to give an appraisal of airport development in metropolitan areas in Japan, an unsparing critic may not … esteem it highly for three reasons. One, because planning for the secondary airport at Tokyo and Osaka was initiated too late … to match growth in demand. Two, due to untimely planning, the original airport was exasperated with the noise issue by …

This study empirically investigates how two types of airport charges (per-passenger and per-flight) differentially …-passenger charges significantly raise airfares, with an average pass-through rate of 97.5 percent, and reduce flight frequency. Per …-flight charges decrease flight frequency but have little effect on airfares. On nearly 80 percent of the routes in the sample, per …