This study is the first empirical analysis to identify the causal effect of a separate preparatory language learning … preparatory classes with a focus on language learning. …

widely used measures of years since migration and age at migration. It is scaled so that zero indicates that a child was born …

-country language skills and educational attainment? We exploit the exogenous placement of guest workers from five ethnicities across … exposure to a higher own-ethnic concentration impairs immigrant children's host-country language proficiency and increases … school dropout. A key mediating factor for this effect is parents' lower speaking proficiency in the host-country language …

-country language skills and educational attainment? We exploit the exogenous placement of guest workers from five ethnicities across … exposure to a higher own-ethnic concentration impairs immigrant children's host-country language proficiency and increases … school dropout. A key mediating factor for this effect is parents' lower speaking proficiency in the host-country language …

-country language skills and educational attainment? We exploit the exogenous placement of guest workers from five ethnicities across … exposure to a higher own-ethnic concentration impairs immigrant children's host-country language proficiency and increases … school dropout. A key mediating factor for this effect is parents' lower speaking proficiency in the host-country language …

-country language skills and educational attainment? We exploit the exogenous placement of guest workers from five ethnicities across … exposure to a higher own-ethnic concentration impairs immigrant children’s host-country language proficiency and increases … school dropout. A key mediating factor for this effect is parents' lower speaking proficiency in the host-country language …

-country language skills and educational attainment? We exploit the exogenous placement of guest workers from five ethnicities across … exposure to a higher own-ethnic concentration impairs immigrant children's host-country language proficiency and increases … school dropout. A key mediating factor for this effect is parents' lower speaking proficiency in the host-country language …

and geographic variation in the enactment of immigration enforcement policies, we find that English language skills of US …

We provide new evidence about language assimilation and its effect on test scores using data from two rounds (conducted … can attribute the difference in scores to language proficiency and directly estimate the rate of assimilation. Our results …

Prior to the introduction of mother tongue based education in 1994, the language of instruction for most subjects in … Ethiopia's primary schools was the official language (Amharic) - the mother tongue of only one third of the population. This … the effects of language of instruction on reading skills and early labour market outcomes. The results indicate that the …