checkpoints. When the social costs of crime are high, law enforcement is most effective when it is unconstrained in its ability to … to models of decentralized crime, eliminating profiling by law enforcement is never optimal …

initial job screenings, are intended to increase employment opportunities and reduce economic incentives for crime. This study … is the first to explore the relationship between BTB laws and crime. Using agency-by-month data from the National … discrimination. We find no evidence that BTB laws increase property crime among African American men despite their also facing …