Today's trends toward increasing industry consolidation, globalization and platform product strategies underscore the importance of strategic supply chain design as a major business imperative. In parallel, Real Options theory is replacing net present value as the central paradigm for...

Purpose: the aim of this paper is to investigate the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network equilibrium wiht the consideration of three practical factors: two complementary types of suppliers, risk-averse character of the manufacturer and capacity constraints of the suppliers....