immigrants' wages are the lowest of all workers due to their ineligibility for unemployment benefits and lower wage bargaining …, resulting in gains in terms of both employment and wages for natives, which does not hold for documented immigration. Stricter … effect if it targets employed workers because this leads to a risk premium in their wages. Finally, I present empirical …

local workers in agriculture. We exploit an 8% tax that was assessed on the wages of foreign workers in 2003. If foreign … tax, and their wages should increase, unless their supply is perfectly elastic. On the other hand, if unskilled workers …, foreign or local, are complements to skilled agricultural workers, the demand of the latter should decline, and their wages …