the child home environment and reduce stress has larger returns for children with higher socio-emotional skills in early … stressful home environment, an increase has a higher return for children with lower socio-emotional skills in early childhood …

the household. Using a sample of PSID-CDS children, we investigate whether the birth order effects in their outcomes are …

their children, child-related expenditure and the results obtained by them, with particular attention to gender differences … writing and math and logical reasoning. The amount of time mothers spend with children is always greater than fathers but … changes over the life cycle of the children. In fact, the time mothers spend with children decreases as the child grows up and …

-educated counterparts in boosting their children's cognitive skills through their child-care time. Moreover, formal child care is found to … children's cognitive outcomes are greater for the children of less educated mothers, but may be negative for the children of …