document that there was a significant decline in the ratio of incentive compensation to salary after the passage of SOX. We … also show that earnings management decreased after the passage of SOX and we conclude that the opportunistic behaviour of … preceding SOX …

We assess the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on discretionary accruals (DA) and real earnings management (REM …) activities around CEO turnovers. Improved corporate governance post-SOX can either deter earnings management (the deterrence … deterrence effect for new CEOs, while the pressure effect dominates the deterrence effect for outgoing CEOs. Pre-SOX firms with …

, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of 2006, the so-called Japanese Sarbanes–Oxley Act (J-SOX), was implemented for … accounting conservatism following J-SOX and demonstrate an increase in accounting conservatism in the post-J-SOX period. In … than gains in their earnings is greater in the post-J-SOX period. We also find that firms report lower discretionary …