We empirically investigate whether a bank's decision to recapitalize is influenced by the separation between voting and cash-flow rights of the ultimate owner. We use a novel dataset on bank ultimate control and ownership structure of 442 European commercial banks to estimate an...

This paper empirically investigates whether a bank's decision to adjust its capital is influenced by the existence of a divergence between the voting and the cash-flow rights of its ultimate owner. We use a novel hand-collected dataset on detailed control and ownership characteristics of 405...

Using detailed ownership data for a sample of European commercial banks, we analyze the link between ownership structure and risk in both privately owned and publicly held banks. We consider five categories of shareholders that are specific to our dataset. We find that ownership structure is...