Teachers are among the most important school-provided determinants of student success. Effective teachers improve … access to effective teachers. This article reviews some of the key challenges associated with teacher policy confronted by … first challenge is that identifying effective teachers is difficult. Economists use value-added models to estimate teacher …

performance. In this paper, we evaluate the empirical relationship between advanced degrees earned by teachers and student pass …

standardized test, where the principal and teachers of the top 20 percent of schools receive a substantial bonus. We perform a … explanations, and argue that this zero effect could be a consequence of teachers' uncertainty about how to improve their students …