In this short note, we use data from different elections in the German state of North-Rhine Westphalia between 1975 and … 2010 to show that the social democrats generally profit from higher voter turnout at the expense of the conservatives. We … deal with the endogeneity of voter turnout by using election day rain as an instrumental variable. Our particular …

, but the magnitude of this effect was small and statistically insignificant. In fact, non-voting appears particularly high …

. The results show that realized investment ratios decreased in years when state elections occurred relative to the average … develop better before state elections and worse after state elections. The second part of this dissertation investigates how … politicians who vote against the party line in roll-call votes. The results do not show that parties account for the voting …

mayoral candidates just prior to municipal elections. It left voters more knowledgeable about candidates' proposed policies … and increased the salience of spending, but did not affect vote shares and turnout. Treated voters were more likely to be …

Party performance in state and federal elections is highly interdependent. Federal elections impact regional voting … state of Berlin and the federal level in Germany. State voting intentions for the state and for the federal parliament are … federal parliament voting intention impact state parliament voting intention, but - as a new finding - to the same extent also …