Public cloud capacity providers offer various pricing models namely, on-demand capacity instances, reserved capacity instances, and a hybrid of these two pricing models. The buyer firms seeking cloud solutions not only source their requirements from the public cloud providers but also invest in...

Two commonly used pricing models in the supplier-retailer setting are the agency pricing model and the wholesale pricing model. In the agency pricing model, the supplier sets the price, whereas in the wholesale pricing model, the price is set by the retailer. In this paper, we focus on the...

Problem Definition: Healthcare expenditures are increasing worldwide, and spending on pharmaceutical drugs is a major contributor to this trend. Many countries are responding by implementing external reference pricing (ERP) to contain drug prices, which is a commonly used policy by countries...