Preliminary research showed how the existing publications approach households' spending habits from a quantitative point of view. Questionnaires and their statistical evaluation by the appropriating software are the most commonly used in the reviewed studies. Analysing a family's overspending in...

Kleibergen and Zhan (Robust Inference for Consumption-based Asset Pricing, Journal of Finance, 2020) propose a new approach to testing consumption-based asset pricing models. They find that recently proposed factors do not pass their test. I point out that their methodology also implies that the...

The reliability of traditional asset pricing tests depends on: (1) correlations between asset returns and factors; (2) the time-series sample size T compared to the number of assets N. For macro-risk factors, like consumption growth, (1)-(2) are often such that traditional tests cannot be...