Extreme learning machine (ELM) allows for fast learning and better generalization performance than conventional gradient-based learning. However, the possible inclusion of non-optimal weight and bias due to random selection and the need for more hidden neurons adversely influence network...

The motivation of this paper is to introduce a short term adaptive model (Partial Swarm Optimizer combined with linear and nonlinear models when applied to the task of forecasting and trading the daily closing returns of the FTSE100 exchange traded funds (ETFs). This is done by benchmarking its...