nationally representative dataset: two teachers provided their educational expectations for each student. We provide novel … elasticity of the likelihood of college completion with respect to teachers' expectations is about 0.12. On average, teachers are … white teachers is significantly larger for white students than for black students. This highlights a nuance that is …

We study whether reallocating existing teachers across schools within a district can increase student achievement, and … gains from reallocating teachers within a district. Using an estimated equilibrium model of the teacher labor market, we … find that achieving most of these gains requires directly affecting teachers' preferences over schools. In contrast …