The present study is an attempt to quantify the agglomeration risk in retail shopping centers. We accept that consumers are attracted to a shopping center in proportion to the mass of the anchor tenant. Nonetheless we feel it important to allow this attraction to be stochastic with its time...

In the early 70s, the retail landscape of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) was mostly confined to the Lisbon downtown. However, the retail landscape is changing at a rapid pace. In the mid-80s, two focus of retail competition (Amoreiras Shopping Center and Roma Avenue) appeared out-of-city...