To influence demand, some online retailers post messages (e.g., “5 units or less left in stock”) on their product pages to signal impending stockouts. These “scarcity” messages provide consumers “partial” inventory information, revealing only an upper bound on the number of units...

To revitalize local communities and economies, more not-for-profit food cooperatives (coops) are establishing their presence in less-populated areas or poor communities in recent years. This trend has motivated us to examine the entry conditions for food coops with the following two related...

To influence demand, some online retailers post messages (e.g., “5 units or less left in stock”) on their product pages to signal impending stockouts. These “scarcity” messages provide consumers “partial” inventory information, revealing only an upper bound on the number of units...