This paper analyzes a comprehensive data set of 160 non venture-backed, 79 venture-backed and 61 bridge financed companies going public at Germany´s Neuer Markt between March 1997 and March 2002. I examine whether these three types of issues differ with regard to issuer characteristics, balance...

Using a unique, hand-collected database of all venture-backed firms listed on Germany's Neuer Markt, we analyze the history of venture capital financing of these firms before the IPO and the behavior of venture capitalists at the IPO. We can detect significant differences in the behavior and...

Previous estimates of the mean 3-year buy-and hold abnormal returns of German IPO stocks range from -52.20% to 1.66%. It is difficult to justify this significant variation in abnormal returns, given the almost identical calculation procedures and the large overlap in sample periods. We argue...