Short-term collateralized debt, such as demand deposits and money market instruments - private money, is efficient if agents are willing to lend without producing costly information about the collateral backing the debt. When the economy relies on such informationally-insensitive debt, firms...

We examine China's June 2013 liquidity crunch as a negative shock to banks and analyze the wealth effects on exchange-listed firms. Our findings suggest that liquidity shocks to financial institutions negatively impact borrower performance, particularly borrowers reporting outstanding loans at...

We exploit a liquidity crunch of 2013 in China as a negative shock to banks and analyze the wealth effects on listed firms. Our findings show that liquidity shocks to financial institutions impact borrowers' performance negatively. However, firms having long-term relationship with banks...