Marketers distinguish between three types of media: paid (e.g., advertising), owned (e.g., company website), and earned (e.g., publicity). The effects of paid media on sales have been extensively covered in the marketing literature. The effects of earned media, however, have received limited...

To what extent did external events and news versus the candidates' own actions drive the 2016 election outcome? And were candidates misled if they focused on traditional market research versus the newer probabilistic polls? Based on the dynamic political will formation framework, the authors...

The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of messages in photographs posted on Instagram. We analysed four famous sports brands to determine which type of photographs generate the greatest number of “likes” based on engagement with and admiration for a brand. The...

Marketers have paid a huge price for their inability to decipher which trend has come to stay and which one is a fad. Such a challenge has jeopardized the survival of blue-chip brands, as marketers anticipated in vain the end of existing red ocean strategies. Essentially, the traditional...

Several brands are striving in their endeavors to find new ways to improve their consumer engagement through social media. They are using different tools including influencer marketing through social networking sites (SNSs). Therefore, this chapter addresses a gap in the academic literature as...

Social media has become a dominant force in the landscape of modern communications. From political uprisings in the Middle East to labor disputes in Washington State, social media has fundamentally disrupted the way in which communications take place. As noted constitutional scholar Erwin...

Why do some online video advertisements go viral while others remain unnoticed? What kind of video content keeps the viewer interested and motivated to share? Many companies have realized the need to innovate their marketing strategies and have embraced the newest ways of using technology, as...

Marketers are being inundated with social media metrics, but there is little consensus on what one should be measuring, let alone how these measures inform marketing strategy. This article attempts to bring clarity to the situation by adopting an integrated marketing communications perspective....

Because most people consider advertising an irritant and a distraction and would avoid it should there be an alternative, advertising agencies strive to utilize the interactive, demassifying, and asynchronous qualities of newer technologies to create an appealing advertisement. The current study...

In this paper, I develop afresh a comprehensive approach to market segmentation of Facebook users. The approach considers the implications of Facebook’s multi-sided platform (MSP) based business model. Using cluster analysis of survey data, I develop a basic 3 segments solution for the online...