It is very difficult to pursue research over real-time networks at the meantime implementation of such components are costly. Network simulators reduce this task in real time and accomplish this task with less time and cost. There are many network simulators available in the market like Ns2,...

Airplanes were invented by hobbyists and experimenters, and some personal computers were as well. Similarly, many open-source software developers are interested in the software they make, and not focused on profit. Based on these cases, this paper has a model of agents called tinkerers who want...

In Open-Source-Software-Projekten entwickeln zunächst voneinander unabhängige Software-Entwickler lediglich verbunden über das Internet Software - und zwar zum Teil ganz ohne monetäres Entgelt.

We study an endogenous growth model where a profit-motivated R and D sector coexists with the introduction of free blueprints invented by philanthropists. These goods are priced at marginal cost, contrary to proprietary ones which are produced by a monopoly owned by the inventor. We show that...

The concept of ‘the commons’ has been used as a framework to understand resources shared by a community rather than a private entity, and it has also inspired social movements working against the enclosure of public goods and resources. One such resource is free (libre) and open source...

Much of today's software relies on programming code shared openly online. Yet, it is unclear why volunteer developers contribute to open-source software (OSS), a public good. We study OSS contributions of some 22,900 developers worldwide on the largest online code repository platform, GitHub,...