can be tricky, this paper uses the crime strategic model (inspection game) proposed by Tsebelis. This model shows that any … attempts to increase the severity of punishment will alter the payoff of the individuals involved, leaving unchanged the … frequency of violation at equilibrium. This result is misleading: payoffs are not independent and the crime game can not be …

Ostracism, or exclusion by peers, has been practiced since ancient times as a severe form of punishment against … form of punishment and decreases theft by excluded members once they are re-admitted into the group. However, it also leads …

, the war itself being an instrument of retribution. Today, this punishment theory of just cause has completely disappeared … retributive emotions are as strong today as ever, and the punishment theory is still alive and well in the moral imaginations of … just war theories that embraced the punishment theory to its current erasure - and whether the punishment theory may …