Using Barney's (2018) stakeholder perspective of resource-based theory (SRBT), we arguethat bondholders represent the ultimate fixed claimants who value corporate socialresponsibility (CSR) in relation to the firms' risk. Bondholders' returns and the stakeholders'interests are aligned when firms...

Following stakeholder resource-based theory (SRBT), we conceptualize the value relevance of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) based on the bargaining power that stakeholders possess regarding firms' inputs and revenue generations. Accordingly, we classify the stakeholders into residual...