Due to the more complex structure of the omnichannel supply chain, the variation and influencing factors of its bullwhip effect have aroused increasing scholarly attention.In this paper, we study omni-channel supply chains that include both online and offline channels and the demand for goods in...

We consider a supply chain in which an original brand manufacturer (OBM) outsources the production to a contract manufacturer (CM), who encroaches the end-customer market with a competing product. The CM’s production cost can benefit from economies of scale. Both the OBM and the CM sell their...