Technological innovations facilitating e-commerce have well-documented effects on consumer behavior and firm organization in the retail sector, but the effects of these new transaction technologies on fiscal systems remain unknown. By extending models of commodity tax competition to include...

With the development of e-commerce and smartphones, consumers can use a variety of shopping modes (i.e., showrooming, webrooming, and completely offline/online shopping), each of which provides specific advantages in terms of price, assortment, service, etc. Using a great variety of these...