Regulating intellectual property (IP) with free trade agreements (FTAs), economic partnership agreements (EPAs), and even multi-party IP measures may be politically and procedurally easier for the Union than regulating the same subject matter internally. IP chapters included in trade agreements...

For sufficiently low abatement costs many countries might undertake significant emission reductions even without any international agreement on emission reductions. We consider a situation where a coalition of countries does not cooperate on emission reductions but cooperates on the development...