to investigate the ex ante sorting effect of tournaments. This paper reports results from an experiment analyzing whether …-subject variance is substantially lower than when the same payment scheme is imposed. Mainly based on risk aversion, sorting is …

crowding out due to low-powered incentives. High-powered incentives in the workplace tend to increase output, but it is unknown … also extends to high-powered incentives, in a real work setting with paid workers. There is individual heterogeneity …

-averse investors buy more of the safe asset. Applying this intuition to incentive pay contracts, we develop a model and an experiment … that show, in a very general setting, that the choice between work effort and leisure under given linear incentives depends …