: (1) distribution expenses are large - they amount to over half of labor costs; (2) plants in the largest decile …, distribution costs as a share of sales declined by one third. We develop a model of heterogeneous manufacturing firms that rely on … share. In combination with the model, these trends suggest largescale decreases in both variable and fixed costs of …

: (1) distribution expenses are large – they amount to over half of labor costs; (2) plants in the largest decile …, distribution costs as a share of sales declined by one third. We develop a model of heterogeneous manufacturing firms that rely on … share. In combination with the model, these trends suggest largescale decreases in both variable and fixed costs of …

to the transaction costs associated with the sale of goods on the international market. The first part of the paper is … wholesalers have a vital role in bringing down the costs of transacting as well as in the proper and efficient functioning of the … compared to local markets. This is done in the context of the transaction costs faced by large international corporations. The …