study how the development of specialized upstream technology suppliers improves access and lowers investment costs for …, the greater is the number of technology suppliers that operate in the first world. A major contribution of this paper is … that we identify an important and understudied mechanism through which technology is made available, with beneficial …

A growing literature suggests that high-income countries export high-quality goods. Two hypotheses may explain such …-income locations export high-quality products. The factor-proportions model also predicts that skill-abundant, high-income locations … export skill-intensive, high-quality products (Schott, QJE 2004). Prior empirical evidence does not separate these …