Under extraterritorial sanctions the sanctioning country extends its policies to trade of third countries with the … game-theoretic model to explain the emergence of extraterritorial sanctions. Such trade sanctions i) do not arise when the … emergence of extraterritorial trade sanctions. …

Economic sanctions are a frequently used tool of foreign policy. Constraining trade flows towards or from the target … country is supposed to coerce its government into changing certain policies. However, sanctions constitute an obstacle to … impact of three recent sanctions regimes using a structural gravity framework and quantify the "lost trade" in a general …

impose targeted measures (e.g., "smart" sanctions) that hurt the antagonist directly, and comprehensive measures (e.g., trade …

sequencing of benefits), monitoring in conjunction with sanctions, and workfare. Our reading of the theoretical literature is …

appropriate level of job search activity, and by imposing sanctions for infractions. Empirical studies consistently show that job … search monitoring and benefit sanctions reduce unemployment duration and increase job entry in the short term. There is some … evidence that longer-term effects of benefit sanctions may be negative. …