This paper poses the following question in the context of civil rights in education — is proportionality synonymous with parity? Since 1974 the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) has determined that in order for an educational institution to be in compliance with Title IX of the Educational...

This paper uses a new measure of human capital, which distinguishes both quality and quantity components, to estimate the long-term effect of the Covid-19-related school closures on aggregate productivity through the human capital channel. Productivity losses build up over time and are estimated...

This paper uses a new measure of human capital, which distinguishes both quality and quantity components, to estimate the long-term effect of the COVID-19-related school closures on aggregate productivity through the human capital channel. Productivity losses build up over time and are estimated...

This paper attempts to assess outcomes of school system decentralization in Poland. National examination results are analyzed using the value-added model of teaching quality. Variation in decentralized spending is related to estimates of achievement growth. Exploring exam results for three...

The mechanism for correcting the innovation institutions in Russia and Ukraine, which follows from the game model, is proposed. History of origins of innovation institutions in Russia and Ukraine is described. The necessary conditions for the innovator and the company are obtained. The markers...

In 2000, the Lombardy Regional government introduced, for the first time in Italy, a voucher plan to stimulate families to enroll their children to private schools. After this intervention, many other Regions launched similar policies. Despite the high political attention to this theme in Italy,...

This paper analyzes the effect of school vouchers on student sorting — defined as a flight to private schools by high-income and committed public-school students — and whether vouchers can be designed to reduce or eliminate it. Much of the existing literature investigates sorting in cases...

In many countries, governments abandoned negotiated methods for allocating public resources among universities, moving towards the adoption of formula-funding models. From a policy perspective, a relevant issue is to correctly design such formulas, to stimulate universities in pursuing better...

In Germany the age of tuition for higher education is about to begin. In this paper, the author gives an overview about existing tuition-models. He explains the one with the highest incentives that also solves for the principal-agent problem in higher education