before the end of the process. Finally, we study the effect of product-market competition on patent disclosure … after the end of the process and fully exploit their bargaining leverage, then patent holders aspire to disclose always … after the end of the process. However, if a patent holder cannot rely on the other participants to always contribute to the …

patents because of the smartphone. Relevant case law is examined including the seminal Georgia-Pacific fifteen factors and how … standards essential patents …

Patents declared to standard development organizations (SDOs) as potentially essential for compliance with standards … under development within the SDO are typically bound by so-called FRAND commitments – promises from the patent holder to … license the patents on fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions. It is widely agreed that FRAND …

before the end of the process. Finally, we study the effect of product-market competition on patent disclosure … after the end of the process and fully exploit their bargaining leverage, then patent holders aspire to disclose always … after the end of the process. However, if a patent holder cannot rely on the other participants to always contribute to the …

standardization process …

. In 2002, Germany transferred patent rights from faculty members to their universities. To identify the effect on the …