This paper analyzes the effectiveness of comprehensive policies—aimed at fostering a switch of truck traffic from the peak to the off-peak hours—targeting receivers and carriers of goods in urban areas. This paper is also based on the fundamental premise that truck traffic in congested urban...

Time of day pricing uses higher tolls in the peak-hours to induce passenger car traffic to consider a switch to more sustainable alternatives in terms of time of travel, mode, route, and payment method. In designing such programs, special attention must be paid to ensure that the drivers’...