This review, commissioned by the European Commission DG-Development, Brussels, presents a brief analysis of the national implementation reports submitted by Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. These countries span two CCD regions as Turkey is considered as part of the Northern Mediterranean while...

Civil conflict in Syria, started in March 2011, led to a massive wave of forced immigration from Northern Syria to the Southeastern regions of Turkey, which later had serious economic/political repercussions on the MENA region and most of Europe. This paper exploits this natural experiment to...