In principle, the U.S. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) offers uniform market access to exports from eligible developing countries for a broad set of GSP-eligible products. In practice, realized GSP tariff-exemptions demonstrate marked variation across countries, industries, and years. In...

In der öffentlichen Diskussion wird der Freihandel infolge der gegenwärtigen Auseinandersetzungen zwischen China und den USA oft als ein Wert an sich betrachtet. Nüchtern gesehen ist er aber nur ein Verfahren, das nach allen Erfahrungen aus Theorie und Empirik Wohlstand erzeugen kann. Aber es...

The ability to export clothing products under preferences with liberal rules of origin is the key factor currently determining whether the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) has a significant impact on non-oil exporting African countries. At present only a small number of countries...

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) has long been controlled by the United States. I show that countries that are politically closely aligned with the United States receive more foreign aid from UNICEF. In addition, UNICEF provides more aid to U.S.-friendly governments in recipient...

Are product standards protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non- compliance with U.S. product standards, using a new database on U.S. import refusals from 2002 to 2012. We find that import refusals significantly decrease exports to the United States. This trade reducing...

Can the enforcement of product standards be protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non-compliance with U.S. product standards, using a new database on U.S. import refusals from 2002 to 2014. We find that import refusals decrease exports to the United States. This trade...

Are product standards protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non-compliance with US product standards, using a new database on US import refusals from 2002 to 2012. We find that import refusals significantly decrease exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect...

The long-term declining role of manufacturing in the U.S. economy – reflecting a shift of the economy after World War II to a post-industrial orientation with an increased emphasis on services – was accelerated by the effects on manufacturing jobs and trade deficits of President Reagan's...

Media pundits and some politicians would have us believe that industrial production has been declining in the United States. Some would even say that “we don't make things anymore.” However, the statistics show a different picture. This paper examines the trade statistics for the United...

Are product standards protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non-compliance with U.S. product standards, using a new database on U.S. import refusals from 2002 to 2012. We find that import refusals significantly decrease exports to the United States. This trade reducing...