We examine how political corruption affects advertising spending. According to agency theory, managers of firms have a … cash for bribery. However, when it comes to advertising spending, based on a two stage least square estimation method, we … find firms whose headquarters are in more corrupt states invest less in advertising than their peers whose headquarters are …

article examines the impact of advertising on the demand for nonalcoholic beverages in the United States. We employed an AIDS … (almost ideal demand system) model of five jointly estimated equations that included advertising expenditures as explanatory … variables to evaluate annual U.S. consumption of nonalcoholic beverages for 1974 through 2005. Results suggest that advertising …

Facebook and Instagram. We first estimate advertising effectiveness at baseline across our broad sample. We then estimate the …