Using a large sample of domestic and foreign IPOs in the US, we investigate how threats of enforcement by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and private litigation influence earnings management in IPO prospectuses. We propose that perceptions of foreign institutions may influence SEC...

We look at the ESG practices of the US’s top 100 private equity firms, representing more than $1.5 trillion of committed capital and directly employs 12 million individuals in the United States. We find that the ESG practices, and their corresponding disclosures, significantly lag behind that...