In recent years, the nexus between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors and financial performance has been a focal point of academic discourse. While much of the existing literature emphasizes the potential positive correlations between ESG performance and financial gains,...

Using the NYSE/NASDAQ listing rule changes to establish causality, we are the first to empirically show that board structure can significantly reduce the volatility of volatility of stock returns, which can be a consequence of erratic decision-making. The effect is moderated by firm...