We examine how the gender of a sibling affects earnings, education and family formation. Identification is complicated … by parental preferences: if parents prefer certain sex compositions over others, children's gender affects not only the … based on the gender of the other twin. We find that the gender of the sibling influences both men and women, but in a …

The gender wage gap increased significantly in Egypt over the last two decades, while female labor force participation …, increased import competition is associated with higher gender wage gaps and lower female employment. Increased export intensity … on the other hand is associated with a lower gender wage gap, but lower female employment. Conversely, opening up to …