Transport in Nineteenth-Century Brazil -- Railroad policy, finance, and expansion -- The direct gains from railroad freight services -- Railroad passenger benefits -- Railroads and Brazilian economic structure -- Dividing the surplus : subsidies, regulation, and profits

The aim of this paper is to explain the process of diversification of normative economics by presenting the work of two authors: Tibor Scitovsky [1910-2002] and Amartya Sen [1933-]. While these two authors first contributed to traditional welfare analysis from within, they were subsequently...