detrended data for personal consumption expenditures and manufacturing output suggest that the U.S. economy has recovered to … near 90% of pre-pandemic levels as of March 2021, our structural VAR model shows that the component of manufacturing output …

detrended data for personal consumption expenditures and manufacturing output suggest that the U.S. economy has recovered to … near 90% of pre-pandemic levels as of March 2021, our structural VAR model shows that the component of manufacturing output …

largely the consequence of automation. The robust growth in real manufacturing GDP, however, is driven by one industry segment …Growth in U.S. manufacturing’s real value-added has exceeded that of aggregate GDP, except during recessions, leading … many to conclude that the sector is healthy and that the 30 percent decline in manufacturing employment since 2000 is …