This paper discusses the design, implementation and use of standards from the perspective of transaction costs … economics. A proper design and implementation of standards may lead to a considerable reduction of transaction costs, which … shows that network externalities play a major role in the use of standards, and that, on the other hand, worldwide standards …

International standards have the potential to both promote and hinder international trade. Yet empirical scholarship on … the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to some methodological challenges: measurement problems, varied …

International standards have the potential to both promote and hinder international trade. Yet empirical scholarship on … the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to some methodological challenges: measurement problems, varied …

The interplay between patents and standards in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector has been … and implementation of standards, and international trade, which are promoted by the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects …

consortia are highlighted. The empirical context is Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), an international standards …

Despite their potential efficiency benefits, voluntary consensus standards have over the past decade become the subject … standards and standards-setting organizations, with a focus on empirical studies and contemporary patent and patent licensing …